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Pollution of hazardous substances in industrial construction and demolition wastes and their multi-path

Sheng Huang, Xin Zhao, Yanqiu Sun, Jianli Ma, Xiaofeng Gao, Tian Xie, Dongsheng Xu, Yi Yu, Youcai Zhao

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0901-2

摘要： Pollution pattern of metals and organic pesticide in demolition waste is studied. Organophosphorus pesticide can be everlasting on surface of demolition waste. Leaching potential of pollutants from simulated and onsite waste varies spatially. Direct oral and dermal ingestion, leaching potential into water exceed the limit. Implications for demolition waste management in industrial plants are proposed. Exploration of heavy metals and organic pollutants, their leaching capacity along with health and environmental risks in contaminated industrial construction and demolition waste (ICDW) within a pesticide manufacturing plant were investigated. A maximum content of 90.8 mg·kg Cd was found present in the wastes, which might originate from phosphorus rocks and industrial sulfuric acid used in pesticide production processes. An average concentration of 979.8 mg·kg dichlorovos and other 11 organophosphorus pesticide were also detected. Relatively high leaching rates of around 4.14‰ were obtained from laboratory simulated ICDW using both glacial acetic acid- sodium hydroxide and deionized water. Pesticide pollutants had the strongest tendency to retaining on dry bricks (leaching rate 1.68‰) compared to mortar-coatings, etc. due to their different physical characteristics and octanol-water partioning coefficient. Mobility of pesticide from on-site ICDW by water was spatially correlated to waste types, process sections and human activities, with a flux of leaching rate between 5.9‰ to 27.4%. Risk-based corrective action (RBCA) model was used to simulate the risk of contaminated ICDW debris randomly scattered. Oral and dermal ingestion amount by local workers was 9.8 × 10 and 1.9 × 10 mg·(kg·d) , respectively. Potential leaching risk to aquatic systems exceeded the limit for nearly 75% waste. Environmental and health risk exceedance was found in most ICDW, while the risk value of the most severely contaminated brick waste was 660 times beyond critical level. Implications for waste management involving construction and deconstruction work, waste transferring and regulation supplying were also provided.

关键词： Industrial demolition wastes Heavy metals Pesticides Leaching characteristics Risk assessment Waste management

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利用工业废渣制备软土固化剂的可行性探讨

戴蕾,李战国,黄新

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第3期页码 56-60

摘要：

就如何高附加值地利用工业废渣制备软土固化剂进行了技术效果、经济效益及生产方式等方面的可行性探讨。基于固化土结构形成过程的特点及其对固化剂组成的特殊需求，提出了利用工业废渣制备固化剂的设计思想，给出了固化剂配比实例，与水泥进行了性价比对比分析，并初步探讨了利用工业废渣产业化生产固化剂宜采取的生产经营方式。认为只要能根据形成固化土结构对固化剂组成材料的特殊需求针对性地选择适当的工业废渣，就能够制备出高性价比的软土固化剂；宜根据拟加固土的性质个性化设计制备固化剂，采用多组分组配式生产方式以及设计、生产、销售一体化的经营模式。

关键词：工业废渣软土固化固化剂可行性性价比

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CAS and ABM-based Demolition Waste Management Research in the AEC Industry

Zhi-kun Ding,Yi-fei Wang,Jin-chuang Wu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第1期页码 18-23 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016004

摘要： With the increase of the urban population and the rapid development of urbanization in China, a large number of old buildings will be demolished and produce a huge amount of waste. Currently the recycling ratio of old building materials is very low, which results in the problems of resource waste and environment pollution. This greatly challenges urban sustainable development. With respect to the continual growth of demolition waste quantities, it is urgent to research how to implement effective management of demolition wastes by focusing on the demolition agents’ behavior. Based on the theory of complexity, this paper analyzes the demolition waste management from the perspective of complex adaptive system. Taking into account the “green” demolition (building dismantling) and conventional demolition (building demolished) methods, the agent-based modeling method with Repast Simphony platform is applied to simulate interactions between demolition agents. The longitudinal trend of demolition waste quantities is forecasted.

关键词： demolition waste complexity science agent-based modeling

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Microbial fuel cell with high content solid wastes as substrates: a review

Qingliang Zhao,Hang Yu,Weixian Zhang,Felix Tetteh Kabutey,Junqiu Jiang,Yunshu Zhang,Kun Wang,Jing Ding

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0918-6

摘要： Fundamentals and configuration design of MFCs fueled by HCSW were reviewed. HCSWs including sewage sludge, biomass and biowaste treated in MFCs were summarized. HCSW based MFCs technologies covered the types of sediment, soil, wetland and plant. Activated sludge process and composting could be coupled with HCSW-MFCs. HCSW-MFCs could be applied in bioremediation and biosensing. With the increasing concern about the serious global energy crisis and high energy consumption during high content solid wastes (HCSWs) treatment, microbial fuel cell (MFC) has been recognized as a promising resource utilization approach for HCSW stabilization with simultaneous electrical energy recovery. In contrast to the conventional HCSW stabilization processes, MFC has its unique advantages such as direct bio-energy conversion in a single step and mild reaction conditions (viz., ambient temperature, normal pressure, and neutral pH). This review mainly introduces some important aspects of electricity generation from HCSW and its stabilization in MFC, focusing on: (1) MFCs with different fundamentals and configurations designed and constructed to produce electricity from HCSW; (2) performance of wastes degradation and electricity generation; (3) prospect and deficiency posed by MFCs with HCSW as substrates. To date, the major drawback of MFCs fueled by HCSW is the lower power output than those using simple substrates. HCSW hydrolysis and decomposition would be a major tool to improve the performance of MFCs. The optimization of parameters is needed to push the progress of MFCs with HCSW as fuel.

关键词： Microbial fuel cell High content solid wastes Substrate Bioremediation Biosensor

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Recycling combustibles from aged municipal solid wastes (MSW) to improve fresh MSW incineration in Shanghai

Dezhen CHEN, Zhenzhen GUAN, Guangyu LIU, Tong ZHU, Gongming ZHOU,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第2期页码 235-243 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0016-5

摘要： Aged municipal solid wastes (MSW) excavated from landfills and dumpsites were characterized to analyze their fraction composition, moisture content, and lower heat value (LHV). The necessity and feasibility of recycling combustibles from aged MSW to improve the incineration of fresh MSW were investigated. The results showed that combustibles in aged MSW were easily separated from other components and than LHV of the separated combustibles are higher than 11000 kJ/kg. The fresh MSW are of high moisture contents with average LHV below 6500 kJ/kg, making their stable combustion difficult to maintain in MSW incinerators. For both fresh MSW and aged MSW, plastics are the main contributor to their LHV. To improve incineration of fresh MSW that are characterized with low LHV, combustibles separated from aged MSW were made into refuse derived fuel (RDF) pellets and were then added to fresh MSW by 2% wt.– 5% wt. LHV variation and air supply resistance change of the MSW layer on the incinerator grate caused by the addition of RDF was checked, and no significant changes were found. No obvious difference was observed for the ‘burn-out time’ between RDF pellets and fresh MSW either. RDF made from aged MSW combustibles is found to be a promising auxiliary fuel to improve the incineration of fresh MSW, and aged MSW from old landfill cells and dumpsites can be finally disposed of jointly with fresh MSW by recycling combustible from the former to be co-incinerated with the latter in the incineration plants.

关键词： aged municipal solid wastes (MSW) fresh MSW lower heat value (LHV) combustibles refuse derived fuel (RDF) incineration

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Resource utilization of typical biomass wastes as biochars in removing plasticizer diethyl phthalate

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1605-4

摘要：

● Six largely produced agricultural biomass wastes were pyrolyzed into biochars.

关键词： Plastic pollution Phthalic acid esters Designed biochar Wetland plant Adsorption

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三峡升船机贝雷架安装与拆除技术

刘勇,陈建峡

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第9期页码 77-82

摘要：

三峡升船机塔柱横梁贝雷架支撑体系的安装与拆除属于高空立体交叉作业，而且施工场地狭窄、施工强度大，贝雷架的安装与拆除所受到的施工干扰大，是三峡升船机塔柱施工中的难题之一。本文通过对贝雷架施工作业环境的系统分析，根据不同部位的特点与要求，制定了有针对性的包括施工设备布置、吊装单元划分、吊点设置、各部位拆除方案在内的塔柱横梁贝雷架安装及拆除施工技术体系。该技术体系在三峡升船机贝雷架安装及拆除工程中得到顺利实施，塔柱横梁贝雷架支撑系统的施工进度、施工成本及施工安全均实现了良好的效果，表明该技术方案合理可靠。本文中贝雷架的安装与拆除施工技术体系可为类似条件下的贝雷架安装和拆除施工提供参考借鉴。

关键词：升船机贝雷架安装拆除三峡工程

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The use of fine portions from construction and demolition waste for expansive soil stabilization: A review

Mgboawaji Claude UJILE; Samuel Jonah ABBEY

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第7期页码 803-816 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0835-z

摘要： Construction and demolition waste (CDW) are the largest waste products in the world today and competes as a viable recycled additive material in place of natural aggregates. Due to the increase in compressive strength of different mix proportions of CDW, it is also considered for reuse in concrete and subbase construction. This study shows the effect of CDW in expansive soil stabilization. The chemical and mechanical properties of these materials have shown that they are capable of developing compressive strength properties for replacement of cement with significant reduction in carbon emission. The inherent compositional properties of recycled CDW compared in this review suggests that CDW have good filler properties in highly expansive soils. Mixtures of crushed brick and recycled aggregates characterised based on chemical properties of different replacement ratios suggests that CDW of good-quality aggregates reduces swell potential of expansive soils and increased mechanical strength in pavement construction.

关键词： mixed fine portions construction and demolition waste expansive soil soil stabilization

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拆除爆破数值模拟研究进展

谢先启,刘军,贾永胜,孙金山

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第11期页码 20-27

摘要：

评述了数值模拟技术在拆除爆破中应用的重要性，回顾了拆除爆破数值模拟的主要方法，论述了各种方法的优缺点。结合工程应用实例介绍了笔者及团队研发的离散元框架内的网格实体模型。分析了当前拆除爆破数值模拟技术存在的主要问题，对拆除爆破数值模拟技术的进一步发展进行了展望。

关键词：拆除爆破数值模拟离散元网格实体模型

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Deep reinforcement learning-based critical element identification and demolition planning of frame structures

Shaojun ZHU; Makoto OHSAKI; Kazuki HAYASHI; Shaohan ZONG; Xiaonong GUO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第11期页码 1397-1414 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0860-y

摘要： This paper proposes a framework for critical element identification and demolition planning of frame structures. Innovative quantitative indices considering the severity of the ultimate collapse scenario are proposed using reinforcement learning and graph embedding. The action is defined as removing an element, and the state is described by integrating the joint and element features into a comprehensive feature vector for each element. By establishing the policy network, the agent outputs the Q value for each action after observing the state. Through numerical examples, it is confirmed that the trained agent can provide an accurate estimation of the Q values, and handle problems with different action spaces owing to utilization of graph embedding. Besides, different behaviors can be learned by varying hyperparameters in the reward function. By comparing the proposed method and the conventional sensitivity index-based methods, it is demonstrated that the computational cost is considerably reduced because the reinforcement learning model is trained offline. Besides, it is proved that the Q values produced by the reinforcement learning agent can make up for the deficiencies of existing indices, and can be directly used as the quantitative index for the decision-making for determining the most expected collapse scenario, i.e., the sequence of element removals.

关键词： progressive collapse alternate load path demolition planning reinforcement learning graph embedding

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混凝土控制拆除施工技术及其在丹江口大坝加高工程中的综合应用

周厚贵

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第2期页码 17-21

摘要：

混凝土控制拆除是水电工程续建、扩建、再建项目施工中的重点与难点问题之一。通过系统分析混凝土控制拆除的技术要求，总结了混凝土控制拆除施工常用方法的优点、适用条件和实施要点，建立了混凝土控制拆除施工方法选择标准体系。同时，将该体系应用于南水北调中线丹江口大坝加高工程的施工实践中，各项控制拆除工作实施效果良好。建立的混凝土控制拆除施工方法选择标准体系和丹江口大坝加高工程中的典型实例可供类似工程借鉴参考。

关键词：混凝土拆除控制拆除施工技术丹江口大坝

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Greenhouse gas emissions during co-composting of cattle feedlot manure with construction and demolition

Xiying Hao, Francis J. Larney

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0955-1

摘要： Manure management strategies should reflect current animal feeding practices and encourage recycling of organic waste to help protect our environment. This research investigated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during cattle manure stockpiling or composting with and without construction and demolition (C&D) waste. Manure was collected from cattle fed a typical finishing diet (CK manure) and from cattle on diets which included 30% dried distillers grains with solubles (DG manure). The CK and DG manures were co-composted with (4:1) C&D waste (treatments: CK_CD DG_CD), composted alone (treatments: CK and DG) in 13 m bins or stockpiled without C&D waste (treatments: CK_ST and DG_ST) for 99 days. Manure type (CK vs. DG manure) had no effect on GHG emissions over the 99 day manure composting or stockpiling. Composting with C&D waste produced similar CO emissions, about double that from manure stockpiling (7.0 kgC·m ). In contrast, CH emissions were reduced by the inclusion of C&D waste (64 gC·m with C&D vs. 244 gC·m without C&D) while the manure stockpile emitted the greatest amount of CH (464 gC·m ). Additionally, only 0.48% of C was emitted in CH form with C&D waste, compared to 1.68% when composting without C&D waste and 7.00% when cattle manure was stockpiled. The N O emissions (12.4 to 18.0 gN·m ) were similar across all treatments. The lower CH emissions with C&D waste are beneficial in reducing overall GHG emissions from manure composting, while reducing the amount of material entering landfills.

关键词： Livestock manure greenhouse gas flux straw bale compost bin N₂O CH₄ CO₂

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城市高架桥爆破拆除起爆网路可靠性研究

吴新霞,赵根,谢先启

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第11期页码 72-77

摘要：

本文针对城市高架桥爆破拆除的长距离、长延时，目前只能采用非电起爆网路进行起爆的现状，研究了多发并联起爆网路的接力点雷管延期特性，提出了并联后的接力点起爆时间期望值的简易计算公式。针对不同规模的非电起爆网路提出了相应的可靠度标准，研发了既可保证高架桥倾倒过程不发生侧翻又能提高接力点起爆可靠度并可无限分段的复式交叉接力起爆网路，并推导了其起爆可靠度计算公式。相关成果为高架桥拆除爆破起爆网路设计提供了科学依据。

关键词：高架桥拆除爆破起爆网路可靠性

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Systematical strategies for wastewater treatment and the generated wastes and greenhouse gases in China

Jingbo GUO, Fang MA, Yuanyuan QU, Ang LI, Liang WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第2期页码 271-279 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0328-0

摘要： China now faces double challenges of water resources shortage and severe water pollution. To resolve Chinese water pollution problems and reduce its impacts on human health, economic growth and social development, the situation of wastewater treatment was investigated. Excess sludge and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted during wastewater treatment were also surveyed. It is concluded that Chinese water pollution problems should be systematically resolved with inclusion of wastewater and the solid waste and GHGs generated during wastewater treatment. Strategies proposed for the wastewater treatment in China herein were also adequate for other countries, especially for the developing countries with similar economic conditions to China.

关键词： wastewater treatment solid waste greenhouse gases systematical strategies

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城市立交桥爆破拆除塌落振动的测量与分析

胡进军,杨永强,管英珺

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第11期页码 90-95

摘要：

为分析城市立交桥爆破拆除时结构构件塌落造成的地面振动的特征，介绍了某城市典型立交桥的爆破拆除中地面振动的测量方法，并基于观测点实测数据对地面振动的加速度峰值、频率和持时进行了分析。分析结果表明：塌落造成的竖向地振动幅值比水平分量大，但是其随着距离增大迅速衰减，因此在距离塌落处较近的区域应该考虑竖向地振动的影响；桥梁结构多次连续塌落会导致出现地面振动的叠加，采取减隔振措施可以降低加速度峰值，同时也会使得加速度的峰值频率降低、持时增加；爆破和塌落振动并未对保留桥梁结构造成损伤，说明爆破拆除是一种安全、高效的拆除方法。

关键词：爆破拆除城市立交桥塌落地面振动加速度